The Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the CPC

It was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province from January 15 to 18, 1934. The Plenum was attended by members of the Central Committee, alternate Central Committee members and delegates of some provinces. Bo Gu presided over the Plenum and made a report on "The Current Situation and the Tasks of the Party", also Chen Yun made a report on "Workers' Economic Struggle and Trade Union Work in the KMT Area", and Zhang Wentian made a report on "The Chinese Soviet Movement and Its Tasks".

The Plenum adopted the "Political Resolution of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China", the "Resolution of the Fifth Plenary Session on Economic Struggle and Trade Union Work in the White Areas", the "Directive of the Fifth Plenary Session to the Party Caucus of the Second All-Soviet Congress", as well as the "Telegram to the Seventeenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", the "Telegram to the Communist Party of Germany", the "Telegram to Comrades in Prison", and the "Telegram to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army".

Wang Jiaxiang and Kai Feng (He Kequan) were co-opted as new Central Committee members, and Peng Dehuai, Yang Shangkun, Li Fuchun, Li Weihan and Kong Yuan were co-opted as alternate Central Committee members; the Central Polital Bureau was re-elected, with Mao Zedong and 11 others as Political Bureau members and Liu Shaoqi and five others as alternate Political Bureau members. The Plenum decided to establish the Central Secretariat (also called the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau), with Bo Gu, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Enlai and Xiang Ying as the Secretaries, and Bo Gu as the General Secretary. The Central Party Affairs Committee was elected, with Li Weihan as secretary.

The Plenum fully affirmed the left-leaning error line since the Fourth Plenary Session and adopted a series of left-leaning error theories and policies, which brought the left dogmatism represented by Wang Ming to its peak and eventually led to the defeat of the Fifth Anti-Encirclement in the Central Revolutionary Base Areas.