The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

The institutional establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During the civil war, the independent Soviet republics formed a military alliance against the common enemy, and successively concluded military, economic and diplomatic agreements in order to defend the victory of the October Revolution. By October 1922, the Soviet state eliminated the armed interveners throughout its territory. In order to restore the national economy, carry out socialist construction, consolidate national defense, ensure the common development of all nationalities in the Soviet Union, and unite the Soviet republics more closely into a unified international alliance, it became an urgent problem to be solved. In October 1922, the Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Russia (Bolshevik) adopted the proposal put forward by Lenin, and the Soviet republics decided to form a unified state under the principle of voluntary unity and equality.

On December 30th of the same year, the Founding Conference of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was held in Moscow. 2,215 delegates approved the Declaration and Treaty on the Formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; the highest legislative body, the Central Executive Committee of the Union, was elected, with Kalinin as the Chairman of the Executive Committee and Lenin as the Chairman of the People’s Committee of the Union. At first, Russia, the South Caucasus, Ukraine and Belarus republics joined the Union. Soon later, the Soviet republics were established in Central Asia, such as Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Kazak and Kyrgyz republics which joined the Soviet Union one after another. The establishment of the Soviet Union with the unity of Soviet Republics was the victory of Lenin’s national policy, which showed that the Soviet regime was further consolidated.