The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

It was held from June 18 to July 11, 1928, in the village of May Day, near Moscow, USSR. The Congress was attended by 142 delegates from all over the world. Bukharin, head of the Communist International, and Miff, head of the Eastern Department of the Communist International, also attended the Congress. In addition, the opening session was also attended by representatives of the Young Communist International, the Red International of Labor Unions, and representatives of the Communist Parties of Italy and the Soviet Union. The main task of the Congress was to sum up the lessons learned since the defeat of the revolution, analyze the nature of Chinese society and the nature of the revolution, formulate the Party's line, guidelines and policies for the new period, unify the Party's thinking and develop revolutionary forces.

Bukharin, the representative of the Communist International, gave a political report on "The Chinese Revolution and the Tasks of the Communist Party of China", Qu Qiubai gave a political report on "The Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party of China", Zhou Enlai gave a report on organizational issues and a military report, Liu Bocheng gave a sub-report on military issues, Li Lisan gave a report on peasant land issues, and Xiang Zhongfa gave a report on the workers' movement.

The Congress pointed out that the revolutionary situation in the country at that time was between two revolutionary climaxes, that the general line of the Party was to win over the masses, and put forward the ten political programs of the Party in the democratic revolutionary stage: “(1) Overthrow the rule of imperialism; (2) Confiscate enterprises and banks of foreign capitalism; (3) Unify China and recognize the principle of national self-determination; (4) Overthrow the warlord—KMT regime; (5) Establish the regime of councils of workers', peasants', and soldiers' deputies (soviets); (6) Realize the eight-hour work day, higher wages, unemployment relief, social security, etc.; (7) Confiscate the land of all landlords—land should belong to the peasants; (8) Improve the livelihood of the soldiers and allot them land and work; (9) Abolish taxes imposed by the KMT government, warlords, and local administrations; institute unified, progressive taxes; (10) Unite with the proletariat of the world and the Soviet Union.”

The Congress adopted the “Political Resolution”, the “Resolution on the Organization of Soviet Power”, the “Resolution on the Land Question”, the “Resolution on the Peasant Movement”, the “Resolution on the Workers' Movement”, the “Draft Resolution on the Organizational Issues”, the “Current Tasks of Publicity Work”, the “Draft Resolution on Military Work”, the “Resolution on the Youth Movement”, the “Resolution on the Women's Movement”, the “Resolution on the National Question”, etc. It also adopted the fourth amendment to the “Constitution of the Communist Party of China”, the “Resolution on the Decision to Make the Guangzhou Riot a Fixed Day of Remembrance”, and the resolutions on the issues of the party platform and the Congress Manifesto.

The Congress, finally, elected a new Central Committee, with 23 Central Committee members and 13 alternate Central Committee members. It also elected a Central Auditing Committee: Sun Jinchuan, Liu Shaoqi and Ruan Xiaoxian as full members, and Ye Kaiyin and Zhang Kundi as alternate members.

Then, the First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee elected the Central Political Bureau and its Standing Committee, with Su Zhaozheng, Xiang Zhongfa, Xiang Ying, Zhou Enlai and Cai Hesen as the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau. The meeting of the Central Political Bureau elected Xiang Zhongfa as Chairman of the Central Political Bureau and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau, and Zhou Enlai as Secretary General of the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau.

The Congress criticized the right-leaning opportunism of the leading organs of the Party during the revolution and the “Left” errors of Qu Qiubai, pointing out that the nature of China's society was still semi-colonial and semi-feudal, that the present stage of China's revolution was a bourgeois democratic revolution, and that the central task of the revolution was to oppose imperialism and feudalism, carry out an agrarian revolution, and establish the democratic dictatorship of the workers and peasants. It was also pointed out that the general task of the Party at that time was to win over the masses and prepare for insurrection. Although the Congress denied the existence of intermediate camps, treated the national bourgeoisie as the most dangerous enemy, kept the Party's work centered in the cities, underestimated the long-term nature of the Chinese revolution, and placed one-sided organizational emphasis on the proletarianization of the Party's membership and the "workerization of the guiding organs", the line of the Congress was basically correct. After the spirit of the Congress was conveyed and implemented, it basically unified the thinking of the whole Party and played a positive role in the subsequent revival and development of the Chinese revolution.